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The NAWAMED project (Nature Based Solutions for Domestic Water Reuse in Mediterranean Countries) has been officially selected as a finalist in the 2025 REGIOSTARS Awards, the prestigious competition organized by the European Commission to celebrate the most innovative, inclusive, impactful, and inspiring EU-funded projects.

Among more than 266 applications, NAWAMED has demonstrated the huge potential of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for treating and reusing grey water, turning buildings into water “producers” rather than mere “consumers”. This achievement marks, indeed, a historic milestone: NAWAMED is the first project under the NEXT MED Programme to be shortlisted for the Award and the only finalist addressing the Mediterranean region. With its innovative approach, NAWAMED promotes Nature-based Solutions, biodiversity and water reuse through pioneering green living walls and green façades – among the first of their kind in the Mediterranean and in Europe.

What is more, the short film ‘Gocce di Rugiada’ (‘Drops of Dew’), which has received more than 30 international awards from different film festivals, uses cinematic language to inspire and raise awareness among a wider audience about the project’s journey, its main objectives and main topics addressed. The short film was recently screened at the 82nd Venice International Film Festival, confirming interest in the project’s topics and approach, which also include a strong audiovisual component.  

The increasing water scarcity is in fact an urgent and crucial issue across the Mediterranean: that is the reason why this project is pivotal to enhance and ensure a possible future and a sustainable one, while promoting cross-border cooperation, since responses to the global climate crisis and its consequences can only be transnational. 

How to vote for NAWAMED

Support NAWAMED and help us showcase the importance of cooperation in the Mediterranean! Voting is open until 15 October 2025.

1. 1. Go to: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/projects/regio-stars-awards_en#inline-nav-2
      
   2. Find NAWAMED – Nature Based Solutions for Domestic Water Reuse in Mediterranean Countries
   3. Click on “Vote for this project” 

Every vote is important in spreading the message that cooperation and multidisciplinary approaches are key to achieving a more sustainable use of water resources. Natural solutions that do not use water but can ‘produce’ it are also important, as is each one of us. Together, we can set an example and become a model for a better Mediterranean that values people and their shared future.

#everythingMEDpossible #REGIOSTARS #NAWAMED #NEXTMED #MediterraneanCooperation

Continua  il percorso di riprogettazione urbana iniziato dalla SVI.MED. con gli abitanti di Ferla (SR) lo scorso febbraio, nel quadro del progetto URWAN. In occasione della Giornata Mondiale dell’Acqua, lo scorso 21 e 22 marzo, è stata infatti raggiunta una delle sue tappe fondamentali: il laboratorio di co-progettazione, che ha coinvolto la popolazione intera, dai più piccoli ai più grandi.

Mediante la metodologia Start Park, che usa la gamification per stimolare processi bottom-up di co-progettazione di spazi urbani e grazie al supporto di Iridra e Codesign Toscana, ragazz* e adult* sono stati coinvolti in un processo giocoso e immaginativo, in grado di unire razionalità e creatività verso un obiettivo comune: la riprogettazione di uno spazio urbano – la piazzetta Aldo Moro – tramite l’integrazione di una visione di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici e l’introduzione di Soluzioni basate sulla natura (NbS) per favorire, al contempo, una gestione più efficiente e sostenibile della preziosa risorsa idrica.

“La crisi climatica è anche una crisi dell’immaginazione”, come dice Amitav Ghosh ne La grande cecità, perché spesso ciò che manca dopo la presa di consapevolezza di un problema, è lo slancio creativo nell’agire, causato anche dalla mancanza di una visione futura collettiva. A Ferla, invece, è stata proprio la capacità di immaginare ad essere stata messa al centro di un intenso ma giocoso processo che ha reso le persone vere e proprie protagoniste del cambiamento da attuare, dando loro la possibilità di costruire ipotesi e utopie possibili, alimentando la conoscenza del mondo, proprio e collettivo, verso visioni nuove di un presente-futuro più sostenibile. Proprio questa cittadinanza più consapevole e visionaria, ma anche attenta alle possibili soluzioni naturali che possono rendere il proprio paese un luogo più bello, sostenibile e utile alla comunità è il frutto dell’efficace e ormai pluriennale collaborazione con l’amministrazione comunale di Ferla, come nel caso del progetto NAWAMED che ha permesso l’installazione della parete verde per il riuso delle acque grigie della scuola, ora monitorata grazie al progetto Horizon Europe CARDIMED.

Le due giornate di incontri hanno, infatti, messo in luce i desideri e le idee ispiratrici degli studenti della scuola I.C.S. Valle dell’Anapo insieme a quelle del resto della comunità: spazi di aggregazione più verdi, creativi, sicuri, innovativi sono la sintesi delle aspirazioni comuni.

Nel corso della prima giornata di workshop a scuola, gli studenti hanno avuto l’opportunità di dare spazio alla propria fantasia ed immaginazione, ripensando uno spazio che conoscono attraverso i propri occhi e le proprie esigenze, mediante attività in grado di stimolare riflessione e creatività, come l’uso di immagini, disegni e la creazione di narrazioni nuove.

Durante la seconda giornata, all’Auditorium comunale, planimetrie della zona da riprogettare e carte da gioco hanno stimolato la creatività del resto della comunità in maniera più pragmatica, seguendo le regole di Start Park. Carte visione, carte attività, decoro e carte raffiguranti NbS sono state utilizzate per delineare una nuova configurazione della piazzetta oggetto di analisi, tenendo in considerazione anche l’aspetto dei costi e della manutenzione delle proposte in modo tale da rendere quanto più realistica anche la più utopica delle idee.

La crisi climatica è una multi-crisi e con il progetto URWAN e l’ormai pluriennale collaborazione del Comune di Ferla, agiamo su diversi aspetti contemporaneamente al fine di contrastarne le cause alla radice. L’entusiasmo dei più giovani e il prezioso contributo degli adulti hanno arricchito il laboratorio, generando un confronto ricco di idee e proposte che saranno ben presto trasformate in un vero e proprio studio di fattibilità della piazzetta Aldo Moro, il quale sarà consolidato come uno degli scenari possibili, grazie al gemello virtuale creato per Ferla nell’ambito del progetto URWAN, misurandone l’impatto sugli indici di resilienza della cittadina.

Da azioni locali si possono creare cambiamenti globali e le giornate appena trascorse, insieme a quelle che verranno nei prossimi mesi, ne sono e ne saranno sempre la prova.

Date un’occhiata al video dedicato ai due giorni di co-design al seguente link: [kad_youtube url=”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5EQcgY1UYw” ]

The Green Wall for greywater treatment at the University of Jordan is one of the pilot sites of the NAWAMED project in Jordan. The type of green wall implemented in the University of Jordan pilot (Al-Zahra’a Dormitory), a so-called Nature-Based Solution (NbS), is the Green Facade, which is basically a vertical flow constructed wetland (CW) hosted in trenches along the building walls and planted with ornamental and climbing plants. The water percolates vertically through the treating medium in the trenches and then is collected in a tank for subsequent reuse (e.g., drip irrigation and toilet flushing).

The pilot installation collects the greywater to treat from the showers and the washbasins of the student’s building (Al-Zahra’ a Dormitory) which regularly hosts around 300 students for 10 months per year.

The installed Nature-Based Solution (NbS) at the Al-Zahra’a Dormitory is divided into three main areas, providing a green wall area of about 288 m2 (72 m length * 4 m high), and able to treat and recover greywater flow rate equal to about 4.8 m3/d.

The bioretention systems for rainwater and greywater treatment at Zain Park, located in the city of Jerash, is the second pilot site for the NAWAMED project in Jordan. The park includes a two-storey building with an area of 600 square meters, which contains training halls, a carpentry workshop, and internal and external sanitary units used by staff, trainees, and visitors. It also foresees courtyards, paths, trees, green areas, a collection tank for rainwater, and irrigation networks for crops.

The pilot installation includes two planted ponds which filters the greywater from the washbasins and the rainwater from the roof. The treated water is transported through pipes to be collected inside the existing collection tank, which is linked with the irrigation networks of the park, providing water for the dry summer season.

Increased water demand coupled with rapid urbanization and climate change are some of the main driving forces of water crisis. This stresses the need for responsible water management, innovation, and a shift in awareness at both the private and public levels. Therefore, greywater can be a cost-effective alternative source of water and can potentially help to overcome the water scarcity problem in Jordan.

NbS can be implemented as a more practical and attractive technology for greywater treatment and reuse and can improve the aesthetic appearance in urban settlements (such as gardens of urban households, public parks and roadsides) also in warm climatic conditions of arid /semi-arid regions. Moreover, green facades create a link between efficiency, a green infrastructure, and a psychological and aesthetic effect. Such systems can radically reduce water consumption taking a real step toward sustainability. 

Providing financial incentives can encourage the adoption of non-conventional water (NCW) reuse solutions but may require budget allocation and coordination with relevant authorities to effectively implement and manage such incentives.

Furthermore, awareness and education campaigns can play a role in raising awareness and promoting the understanding of greywater reuse and can be easily implemented through targeted campaigns, public events, and educational materials.

In Jordan, a national water strategy (2023-2040) has been developed aiming to increase the use of treated wastewater in agriculture, industry and urban areas.

Nature-based solutions are thus key elements in our urban environments for addressing climate change, supporting biodiversity and ecosystem services, promoting our health and well-being, and creating vibrant, sustainable cities.

Finally, through the planning and development of cities and urban areas, NbS are a crucial tool for promoting biodiversity and ecosystems and their importance for cities as well as the surrounding landscape. 

Watch the video where Prof. Ahmed Al-Salaymeh – project coordinator at the University of Jordan- talks about the project’s installations at this link.

You can also see the impressions of some of the students who attended the training at the University of Jordan here. 

Exciting news has emerged from Tunisia as the first Living Green Wall (LGW) pilot has been successfully realized as part of the NAWAMED project. 

The Living Green Wall “Wall2Water” is a pioneering nature-based solution (NbS) that addresses the efficient treatment of greywater, specifically from the student residence’s showers.

The successful implementation of this pilot project by experts from the Centre for Water Research and Technologies CERTE and IRIDRA, both project partners, represents a significant step forward in sustainable water management practices in Tunisia and the broader Mediterranean region. By implementing Living Green Wall, the aim is to reduce the pressure on conventional water sources and promote water reuse, which is particularly crucial in areas with water scarcity. It also showcases the potential of NbS in addressing water challenges at the urban level. The positive outcomes and lessons learned from the Living Green Wall implementation in Tunisia will enable multiplication and adaptation to several contexts. 

The Living Green Wall is designed as a “reactor” in which the substrate is multi-layered to promote different processes as adsorption and filtration, and the plants are selected to promote nutrient/pollution uptake/degradation thanks to bacteriological development at root level. The combination of water, plant and substrate ensures grey water treatment. The treated water undergoes UV disinfection and is injected into the flush toilets of the “Sustainable Water Management House- SWM House”, a CERTE pilot station where the Living Green Wall is implemented.

The green wall enables the safety treatment and recycling of grey water, which accounts for up to 70% of domestic water consumption. It also creates an ecosystem in an urban environment, bringing biodiversity and inducing a local reduction in temperature. The green space created absorbs CO2 and helps reduce air pollution, as well as lowering the temperature inside the SWM-House. A rainwater collection system has also been installed on the site to ensure sustainable and local water management. Around the wall, a relaxing environment is created for students.

This solution is ideally adapted to urban environments, where space is limited and walls predominate over green spaces. It fits in with a local zero-discharge water management approach, but also with the concept of a sustainable, green city and as adaptation to the effects of climate change. 

The Living Green Wall developed is applicable not only to houses, but also to stadiums, hammams, hotels or any building with locally high grey water production.

Overall, the realization of the first Living Green Wall in Tunisia through the NAWAMED project is a significant milestone in advancing NbS for domestic water reuse at urban level and promoting sustainable water management practices in the Med region.

Watch the videos where experts from CERTE and IRIDRA explain how the Wall2Water works and where Latifa Bousselmi gives a wider insight into the pilot and the project in general at this link.

In the heart of Bekaa Lebanon, a groundbreaking environmental project known as the NAWAMED – Constructed Wetlands has taken root. Developed in collaboration with the American University of Beirut (AUB), this project shows the innovative approach of using constructed wetlands for greywater treatment. With the installation complete, the Constructed Wetlands (CW) are now fully operational, efficiently treating greywater and demonstrating their capacity to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for greywater treatment. 

Constructed Wetlands are nature-inspired greywater treatment systems that mimic the processes of natural wetlands. By harnessing the power of wetland vegetation and microorganisms, these systems effectively purify greywater while minimizing negative environmental impacts. The two Constructed Wetlands serve as exemplary models for this approach, presenting an eco-friendly alternative to conventional treatment methods. 

The primary objective of the Constructed Wetlands is to provide a cost-effective and sustainable solution for greywater treatment in Advancing Research Enabling Communities Center (AREC), addressing the pressing issue of water scarcity. The design and implementation process involved careful planning and expertise. The project includes two constructed wetlands (CW) for the treatment and reuse of greywater produced by three buildings at the AREC Campus in the Bekaa Valley. The 1st constructed wetland (CW-A) treats greywater collected from the women’s dormitory and administration building, while the second constructed wetland (CW-B) treats greywater collected from the boys’ dormitory. The 1st step of the construction process was the separation of the greywater from the blackwater in each of the three buildings. The greywater is primarily collected and treated in a degreaser, then circulated in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland (HFCW) as the secondary treatment. The HFCW is fed by a small submerged pumping station, and the treated greywater is collected in a tank to be reused for irrigation of the nearby planted area.

Looking ahead, the Constructed Wetlands project envisions expansion and continuous monitoring of the wetland system’s performance. The data collected from the project will contribute to ongoing research on sustainable water management strategies. Collaboration with other organizations and communities is also being explored, with the goal of establishing similar wetland projects in other regions of Lebanon.

In conclusion, as AREC faces the challenges of water scarcity, the Constructed Wetlands offer a glimmer of hope. Through their innovative use in greywater treatment, this project showcases the power of nature-inspired solutions. By prioritizing sustainability and community engagement, the Constructed Wetlands serve as a model for future environmental initiatives in Lebanon and beyond.

The American University of Beirut (AUB) is at the forefront of sustainable water management, implementing groundbreaking solutions for greywater treatment. 

AUB has taken a remarkable step towards sustainable water management with the implementation of a Living Wall (LW) and Green Façade (GF) for greywater treatment on its campus. This pioneering initiative is an integral part of the NAWAMED project, which seeks to introduce cutting-edge solutions for greywater treatment.

The project features two different types of green walls (GW) designed to treat and reuse greywater from the girls’ dormitory building, Jewett Hall, at the AUB campus in Beirut. The first type is the Living Wall (LW), a vegetated vertical system anchored to building facades integrating greywater treatment and providing additional benefits such as greening, improved aesthetics, and energy savings. The LWs, covering a total of 200 square meters, were implemented on the East and West facades of Jewett Hall. The second type is the Green Facades (GF), which consist of trenches along the walls planted with climbing vegetation. The technique used for the treatment of the greywater in the GFs derives from the vertical submerged subsurface flow constructed wetland technology .Treated greywater is collected and reused for flushing in the dormitory.

As part of the NAWAMED project, ongoing monitoring and research will assess the performance and efficiency of these green solutions in treating greywater. The data collected from these initiatives will contribute valuable insights to advance sustainable water management practices. AUB’s Living Wall and Green Facade serve as shining examples of how innovation and collaboration, inspired by nature, can revolutionize greywater treatment, paving the way for a greener and more sustainable future.

AUB is also taking bold steps in greywater treatment with the introduction of a portable wetland as part of the NAWAMED project. This pioneering iniative holds the potential to address greywater treatment challenges in refugee camps and similar settings.

Designed by IRIDRA and implemented by AUB, the portable wetland is a self-contained and highly adaptable unit for greywater treatment. By utilizing a combination of vegetation, soil, and specific filtration layers, the wetland effectively removes contaminants and purifies greywater on-site. The key advantage of the portable wetland is its mobility, making it easy to transport and install in various locations, including refugee camps. This portability provides a practical solution to overcome infrastructure limitations typically found in such settings, where access to advanced wastewater treatment infrastructure may be limited.

Beyond its functionality, the portable wetland contributes to the creation of a healthier and more sustainable environment. The inclusion of vegetation not only aids in greywater treatment but also helps restore biodiversity and enhances the overall quality of life in refugee camps.

Ongoing research and monitoring conducted by AUB, as part of the NAWAMED project, will shed light on the performance and efficiency of the portable wetland in greywater treatment. The knowledge gained from this research will contribute to the development of improved sustainable water management practices, benefiting not only AUB but also other organizations.

In unison, these initiatives showcase AUB’s commitment to providing cleaner water solutions, even in challenging circumstances, and the university’s dedication to advancing the field of sustainable water management.

Watch the video at this link where Prof. Yaser Abunnasr, Nawamed project coordinator for AUB, talks about the systems installed. 

Nel contesto vibrante dell’innovazione green, il Premio Sviluppo Sostenibile 2023 ha svelato progetti di straordinaria eccellenza e dedizione. In particolare, è emerso il progetto Wall2Water, una collaborazione tra SVI.MED e IRIDRA S.r.l., che ha meritatamente conquistato il prestigioso riconoscimento tra le migliori pratiche in Italia. 

L’evento, giunto alla sua tredicesima edizione, è stato promosso dalla Fondazione per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e da Ecomondo-Italian Exhibition Group, con il patrocinio del MASE. Rivolto a imprese, startup e amministrazioni locali, il premio ha riconosciuto il valore di chi si è distinto per eco-innovazione, efficacia dei risultati ambientali ed economici e potenziale di diffusione.

Il Presidente della Fondazione per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile, Edo Ronchi, ha sottolineato l’eccezionalità dell’edizione di quest’anno, caratterizzata da un numero record di candidature di qualità straordinaria:  “Il premio è ormai diventato la vetrina di eccellenza delle buone pratiche di green economy. Mai come quest’anno, infatti, abbiamo ricevuto tante candidature e tante di qualità eccellente. E’ stata anche molto alta la partecipazione di amministrazioni e aziende pubbliche locali a dimostrare come una nuova coscienza verde si sia ormai diffusa sul territorio al fine di rendere più sostenibile la vita dei cittadini.”

Tra i tre vincitori principali dell’edizione 2023, spiccano AMIU Genova SpA con il Comune di Genova per il settore “Economia Circolare in collaborazione con CEN_Circular Economy Network”; il Comune di Legnano per il settore “Mobilità sostenibile in collaborazione con Green City Network e l’Osservatorio Nazionale Sharing mobility” e la Società Metropolitana Acque Torino – SMAT S.p.A. per la “Gestione circolare delle acque in collaborazione con Enea”. 

È proprio nel contesto di quest’ultimo settore che il Wall2Water di SVI.MED ha brillato con luce propria, riconosciuto tra le migliori proposte del settore “Gestione circolare delle acque in collaborazione con Enea”. Il progetto, ospitato nell’Istituto Comprensivo Statale Valle dell’Anapo nel Comune di Ferla in Sicilia, è una parete verde realizzata da SVI.MED e progettata da IRIDRA S.r.l.  per la raccolta, il trattamento e il riutilizzo delle acque grigie, promuovendo attivamente la sostenibilità ambientale. 

La commissione che ha selezionato i vincitori, composta da esperti nei settori dell’economia circolare, della mobilità sostenibile e della gestione circolare delle acque, ha sottolineato l’importanza di progetti come il Wall2Water nell’arena della sostenibilità. 

Quest’anno il Premio Sviluppo Sostenibile 2023 è stato dedicato a Lorenzo Cagnoni, Presidente di Ecomondo e IEG, a conferma del ruolo chiave che ha svolto nel sostenere iniziative a favore dell’innovazione per la sostenibilità ecologica.

Il Wall2Water di SVI.MED continua a ispirare ed emergere come buona pratica per il riuso delle acque, dimostrando che progetti come questo sono i pilastri fondamentali per un futuro sostenibile.

Though not intended, a couple of pictures shot out of curiosity revealed how the Green Wall installation – the Wall2Water – implemented in Ferla, Italy, during the NAWAMED project attracts pollinator insects and promotes local biodiversity. 

The pictures were initially meant to communicate the aesthetic values of Nature-based Solutions. Nonetheless, they revealed the presence of pollinators belonging to 4 different orders: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera.

“If we set a scientific monitoring, we would identify many more species” says Prof. Marta Galloni of the University of Bologna, coordinator of the LIFE project GIE/IT/000755 LIFE 4 Pollinators who helped us in giving a name to our little friends. 

“Increasing the biodiversity of the green wall in terms of the number of plant species led to increased pollinators diversity because everyone has their own preferences and their own seasonality. Diversity leads to diversity Prof. Galloni continues”.

 

Through this remarkable experience, we learnt that the use of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) for the regeneration of urban areas brings multiple benefits regardless of the main goal of the solution, as, in NAWAMED, it is to foster the use of Non-Conventional Water Resources (NCWR). Indeed, thanks to the multi-functional role of NbS and their versatility in addressing many societal challenges in urban contexts, cities can become oases for pollinators instead of hostile environments.

It is proven that the presence of urban green areas leads to a greater diversity of pollinators than intensive agricultural areas, and a more diverse pollinator community also brings benefits to crops in the same area in a win-win approach Prof. Galloni adds

The urban green areas must be appropriately managed to maintain these functions and benefits, above all, without pesticides. To this aim, the project LIFE 4 Pollinators – Involving people to protect wild bees and other pollinators in the Mediterranean – prepared a handbook dedicated to green urban managers which incorporates information and advice on how to make the urban spaces pollinator-friendly.

On our side, the students of the Ferla school hosting the pilot will continue taking care of and closely observing the biodiversity and health of their green wall together with the local public administrators. NAWAMED is very proud to make this small contribution to showcasing the multiple benefits that the wide use of NbS could bring, using and testing various plant species in its installations, acknowledging that biodiversity calls for another biodiversity.

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Sebbene non fosse intenzionale, un paio di foto scattate per curiosità hanno rivelato come l’installazione del Green Wall – chiamato Wall2Water- implementato a Ferla (Sr) all’interno del progetto NAWAMED, attiri insetti impollinatori e favorisca la biodiversità locale. Inizialmente, le foto dovevano comunicare i valori estetici delle Soluzioni Basate sulla Natura (NbS). Tuttavia, hanno rivelato la presenza di impollinatori appartenenti a 4 ordini diversi: Coleotteri, Ditteri, Imenotteri e Lepidotteri.

“Se effettuassimo un monitoraggio scientifico, identificheremmo molte più specie“, afferma la professoressa Marta Galloni dell’Università di Bologna, coordinatrice del progetto LIFE GIE/IT/000755 LIFE 4 Pollinators, che ci ha aiutato a dare un nome ai nostri piccoli amici. “Aumentare la biodiversità del muro verde in termini di numero di specie vegetali ha portato a una maggiore diversità degli impollinatori perché ognuno ha le proprie preferenze e la propria stagionalità. La diversità porta ad altra diversità”, continua la professoressa Galloni.

Attraverso questa esperienza straordinaria, abbiamo appreso che l’uso delle NbS per la rigenerazione delle aree urbane porta numerosi benefici indipendentemente dall’obiettivo principale della soluzione, come avviene in NAWAMED, progetto per promuovere l’uso delle risorse idriche non convenzionali (NCWR). Infatti, grazie al ruolo multifunzionale delle NbS e alla loro versatilità nel affrontare molte sfide sociali nei contesti urbani, le città possono diventare oasi per gli impollinatori invece di ambienti ostili.

“È provato che la presenza di aree verdi urbane porta a una maggiore diversità di impollinatori rispetto alle aree agricole intensive; e una comunità di impollinatori più diversificata porta anche benefici alle colture nella stessa area, secondo un approccio vantaggioso per entrambi”, aggiunge la professoressa Galloni.

Le aree verdi urbane devono essere gestite in modo appropriato per mantenere queste funzioni e benefici, soprattutto senza l’uso di pesticidi. A tal fine, il progetto LIFE 4 Pollinators – Involving people to protect wild bees and other pollinators in the Mediterranean – ha preparato un manuale dedicato ai gestori di spazi urbani verdi che incorpora informazioni e consigli su come rendere gli spazi urbani più favorevoli agli impollinatori.

Gli studenti della scuola di Ferla che ospita il progetto pilota continueranno a prendersi cura e a osservare da vicino la biodiversità e la salute del loro muro verde insieme agli amministratori pubblici locali. Il progetto NAWAMED è molto orgoglioso di dare questo piccolo contributo per mostrare i molteplici benefici che l’ampio utilizzo delle NbS potrebbe portare, utilizzando e testando diverse specie vegetali nelle sue installazioni, riconoscendo che la biodiversità richiede altra biodiversità.